2022 Workshop Handout Bundle-NM US Anatomy of the Head and Neck

NM US Anatomy of the Head and Neck

Pdf Summary

In this document, Dr. Katharine Alter provides an overview of the anatomy of the head and neck in the context of BoNT (botulinum toxin) chemodenervation procedures. She emphasizes the importance of understanding the functional anatomy of the head and neck, as well as accurately identifying the muscles contributing to specific movements and postures in order to achieve successful treatment outcomes.<br /><br />Dr. Alter discusses the complexity of the regional anatomy, which includes multiple layers of muscles, vessels, nerves, and other structures such as glands. She explains that muscles involved in head and neck movements can be classified as prime movers, secondary movers, synergists, or compensatory muscles, and that identifying these muscles is crucial for effective treatment.<br /><br />The document also highlights the conditions that can be treated with BoNT procedures, including focal and generalized dystonia, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, oromandibular dystonia, and upper motor neuron syndromes, among others.<br /><br />Dr. Alter emphasizes the advantages of using ultrasound (US) guidance for BoNT injections in the head and neck region. US allows for quick and accurate identification of target muscles and non-muscle structures, as well as determining depth and thickness of targets and safe needle placement. Combining US with electromyography (EMG) guidance provides additional information about muscle activity, which can guide dosage adjustments.<br /><br />The document includes illustrations and images to demonstrate the identification of muscles using US and provides examples of different head and neck postures and the corresponding muscles responsible for them.<br /><br />Overall, this document serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the anatomy of the head and neck in the context of BoNT chemodenervation procedures, with a focus on muscle identification, treatment planning, and the use of US guidance.

Keywords

anatomy

head and neck

BoNT chemodenervation procedures

functional anatomy

muscle identification

treatment outcomes

muscle classification

BoNT injections

ultrasound guidance

electromyography guidance