2024 Workshop Handout Bundle-W83RTA Basic Nerve US Upper Limb Sultan

W83RTA Basic Nerve US Upper Limb Sultan

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The document provides an overview of ultrasound (US) applications in evaluating nerve and muscle conditions, specifically within the upper limb. It begins by outlining the historical milestones in the development of ultrasound technology, tracing origins back to early studies by Lazzaro Spallanzani and significant advancements by Pierre and Jacques Curie, Paul Langevin, Karl Dussik, and others.<br /><br />Key content areas include:<br /><br />1. **Ultrasound History and Basics**:<br />   - Milestones from 1794 to the 1950s.<br />   - Overview of ultrasound terms and technology such as the piezoelectric effect, different materials used in transducers, and categories of sound including medical ultrasound frequencies.<br /><br />2. **Ultrasound in Neuromuscular/ Electrodiagnostic Medicine**:<br />   - The pioneering work in peripheral nerve ultrasonography by Dr. Fornage (1988) and Dr. Buchberger (1991).<br />   - Application of ultrasound in diagnosing conditions like Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) and ulnar neuropathy at various anatomical points.<br />   - Defines criteria for nerve cross-sectional area enlargement and other diagnostic US findings like echotexture, shape, and vascularity.<br /><br />3. **Specific Neuropathies**:<br />   - **Median Mononeuropathy at the Wrist (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)**: Most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting primarily women, with significant healthcare costs involved.<br />   - **Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow and Wrist**: Outlined norms for cross-sectional area and considerations of secondary causes like trauma. <br />   - **Fibular Neuropathy at the Knee**: Highlights common causes and diagnostic criteria for fibular neuropathy.<br /><br />4. **Muscle Ultrasound**:<br />   - Description of normal and pathological muscle characteristics, echogenicity, and the Heckmatt Score, which is a visual grading system.<br />   - Discusses muscle size measurement and factors affecting it (age, weight, sex).<br />   - Identifying muscle pathology, including atrophy, hypertrophy, and selective involvement in myopathies/dystrophies.<br />   - Additional applications like observing fascia and identifying muscle abnormalities (e.g., myokymia, fasciculations).<br /><br />References and further reading are provided from various scholarly articles and guidelines, establishing the reliability and validity of ultrasound in neuromuscular diagnostics.<br /><br />This comprehensive presentation is aimed at enhancing understanding and application of ultrasound technology in diagnosing and managing upper limb neuromuscular conditions.

Keywords

ultrasound

nmus

sono

neuromuscular

upper limb

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

CTS

ulnar neuropathy

muscle ultrasound

echotexture

pioneering work

diagnostic criteria

Heckmatt Score

CTS

carpal tunnel syndrome

ultrasound

nmus

sono

ultrasound