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COVID Associated NM Disease
Dr. Zivkovic - COVID Associated NM Disease
Dr. Zivkovic - COVID Associated NM Disease
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Pdf Summary
Long Covid, or long-term Covid-19 illness, refers to the chronic symptoms that some individuals experience after recovering from acute Covid-19. It is estimated that up to 10% of Covid-19 patients may develop these long-term symptoms. The clinical features of long Covid include fatigue, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, myalgia, headache, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, among others.<br /><br />Neurologic manifestations can occur in both acute and long Covid. Acute Covid may lead to symptoms such as loss of taste and smell, encephalopathy/encephalitis, stroke, seizures, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myositis. Long Covid can cause anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, brain fog, and cognitive impairment, among other symptoms.<br /><br />There are various names and definitions used to describe long Covid, including Long Covid, Post-acute sequelae of Covid-19 (PASC), Chronic Covid-19, and Post-Covid-19 syndrome (PACS). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Post-Covid-19 condition as symptoms that last for at least 2 months, cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis, and impact everyday functioning.<br /><br />The pathogenesis of long Covid is not fully understood, but it may involve persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, reactivation of other latent infections, chronic inflammation, and immune activation. Long Covid shares some similarities with conditions like Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS).<br /><br />Diagnosing long Covid can be challenging as diagnostic evaluations, including autonomic testing, are often mildly abnormal or non-diagnostic. More research and long-term prospective studies are needed to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of long Covid.<br /><br />References:<br />- Lancet Inf Dis (2022);375:267-69<br />- Ann Neurol (2022); 31:150-157<br />- Clin Auton Res (2021); 31:385-94<br />- Infect Dis (2021); 10:737-54<br />- Mayo Clin Proc (2021); 96:2861-78<br />- Science (2022); 375(6578):267-9<br />- J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol (2008); 20:352-8
Keywords
Long Covid
chronic symptoms
fatigue
cognitive impairment
anxiety
neurologic manifestations
Post-acute sequelae of Covid-19
pathogenesis
diagnosis
management
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