One barrier to widespread adoption of neuromuscular ultrasound by clinical neurophysiologists is concern over how to identify and manage non-neuromuscular findings. This review addresses this concern by describing the sonographic appearance of a variety of commonly observed pathologies and anatomic variants in dermal, subcu-taneous, bony, glandular, lymphatic, vascular, and other superficial tissues. Additionally, it outlines techniques to ensure proper clinical and ultrasound evaluation of unexpected or uncommon findings. Finally, it highlights strategies to manage unexpected findings, including how to best communicate findings to patients and referring clinicians to avoid unnecessary testing and ensure appropriate follow-up. Ultrasound extends the ability of the neuromuscular sonographer-clinician to contribute to patient care.
Authors: Walker FO, Cartwright MS, Hunt CH. Managing uncommon and unexpected findings during neuromuscular ultrasound
The objectives of this activity are to: 1) Be able to recognize the sonographic appearance of commonly observed pathologies and anatomic variants in non-neuromuscular structures and tissues; 2)Understand and implement proper techniques to evaluate unexpected or uncommon findings by ultrasound; 3) Be able to effectively communicate unexpected findings to patients and referring clinicians and ensure proper follow-up.